Volume-12 , Issue-4 , Aug 2024, ISSN 2321-3256 (Electronic Version)

• Open Access   Article

  Design Of Microstrip Patch Antenna For Sixth Generation Frequency Band

  A.O. Aldhaibani, A. Ba sharahil, S. Bukier, M. Ba bukier, A. Ba wazir, S. Balcauilkh

  Research Paper | Journal (IJSRNSC)

  Vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp.1-7, Aug-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The rapid advancement of technology and our growing reliance on it in our daily lives have led to a growing demand from users for higher data transfer speeds. The This work presents the design of rectangular microstrip single patch antennas as well as 1x2, 2x2, and 1x4 array patch antennas for 6G applications that operate in the 100 GHz–300 GHz frequency range. A rectangular patch antenna with copper conductivity material developed using Durod5880 unique substrate materials serves as the centrepiece of this arrangement. The dimensions are calculated using mathematical formulas and software, and this design was optimized and simulated using CST Studio Suite. Therefore, the assessed characteristics—return loss, bandwidth, gain, directivity, sidelobe magnitude, angular breadth (3 dB), input impedance, radiation efficiency, and VSWR—give adequate performance for the specified antennas. The array antenna is used to optimize the designated antenna in order to attain optimal performance.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Six Generation, patch antenna, millimeter waves, substrate materials

  References
  [1] C. A. Balanis,"Antenna Theory analysis and Design," Forth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc , pp.1-1072, 2016.
  [2] Ya’u Muhammad, et al. "Design and Simulation of Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for Wireless Communication System. International" Journal of Design, Analysis and Tools for Intergrated circuits and system. IEEE. pp.78-81. 2021
  [3] Y Xiaohu; et al.,"Towards 6G wireless communication networks:vision, enabling technologies, and new paradigm shifts",link springer,74, 2020.
  [4] S. Hossain, M. S. Rana and M. M. Rahman, "Design and Analysis of A Ka Band Microstrip Slotted Patch Antenna with 5G Communication Technology Using CST," 2022 IEEE 3rd Global Conference for Advancement in Technology (GCAT), Bangalore, India, pp.1-4, 2022.
  [5] A. Bhattarai, U. S. Khwakhali, S. Paudel, N. K. Hom and F. Yang, "Antenna Parameters Analysis of Patch Arrays at 2.4GHz Using ADS and TTR500 VNA," 2020 Information Communication Technologies Conference (ICTC), Nanjing, China, pp.217-221, 2020.
  [6] B. Majed, Mohammed."Design a Square Microstrip Patch Antenna at 2.4 GHz, and Comparison between Unslotted and Slotted Version. University of Human Development." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. pp.231-235. 2015.
  [7] U. Nissanov, G. Singh, P. Kumar and N. Kumar, "High Gain Terahertz Microstrip Array Antenna for Future Generation Cellular Communication," 2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD), Durban, South Africa, pp.1-6, 2020.
  [8] A J. Liang, W. Gao, H. Lees and W. Withayachumnankul, "All-Silicon Terahertz Planar Horn Antenna," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.20, No.11, pp.2181-2185, 2021.
  [9] O. E. Hassani and A. Saadi, "Analysis of the effects of introducing graphene on the design of a miniaturized Ultra-Wide Band antenna for THz applications," 2023 3rd International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET), Mohammedia, Morocco, pp.1-7, 2023.
  [10]F. Alsharif and C. Kurnaz, "Frequency-Reconfigurable Compact MIMO Antenna Design for 6G Satellite Communication Systems," 2024 47th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP), Prague, Czech Republic, pp.45-48, 2024,
  [11] Md. Sohel Rana, Md. Mostafizur R. Smieee ,” Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for 5G wireless communication systems “,Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, pp.3329~3337, 2022.
  [12] O. E. Hassani and A. Saadi, "Analysis of the effects of introducing graphene on the design of a miniaturized Ultra-Wide Band antenna for THz applications," 2023 3rd International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET), Mohammedia, Morocco, , pp.1-7 , 2023.
  [13] R. O. E. Mohamed, "Design of Efficient Millimeter Waves Planar Antennas For 5G Communication Systems," 2020 International Conference on Computer, Control, Electrical, and Electronics Engineering (ICCCEEE), Khartoum, Sudan, pp.1-6, 2021.
  [14] R. Vadlamudi and D. S. Kumar, "Design of a THz Antenna with Broadband Radiation Characteristics for 6G Applications," 2023 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), Ahmedabad, India, pp.1-4, 2023.
  [15] S. Verma and S. Mishra, "Miniature Diamond-Shaped Millimeterwave Antenna Array for 5G Applications," 2022 2nd Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON), Ravet, India, pp.1-5, 2022.
  [16] D. N. Arizaca-Cusicuna, J. Luis Arizaca-Cusicuna and M. Clemente-Arenas, "High Gain 4x4 Rectangular Patch Antenna Array at 28GHz for Future 5G Applications," 2018 IEEE XXV International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON), Lima, Peru, , pp.1-4, 2018.
  [17] S. Ghenjeti, R. Barrak and S. Hamouda, "High Gain and Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design for 26 GHz Broadband Wireless Systems," 2023 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), Gammarth, Tunisia, pp.932-937, 2023.

  Citation
  A.O. Aldhaibani, A. Ba sharahil, S. Bukier, M. Ba bukier, A. Ba wazir, S. Balcauilkh, "Design Of Microstrip Patch Antenna For Sixth Generation Frequency Band," International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.12, Issue.4, pp.1-7, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Design and Analysis the Radar Cross Section of Complex Targets for Military and Civilian Applications

  Raja Muusamy, Kokila Vasudevan, Sudhir Kumar Chaturvedi

  Research Paper | Journal (IJSRNSC)

  Vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp.8-12, Aug-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  In aerospace industry, the importance of RCS in the aerospace industry. State the purpose of the comparative study and analysis of various geometries contributing to RCS prediction. Analyze how changes in frequency affect RCS and discuss the relationship between radar range and RCS. MATLAB to create models of different geometries. Outline the parameters studied (e.g., frequency of operations, radar range) and the tools used for simulation (e.g., MATLAB). This research paper describe design features that minimize RCS (e.g., absorbent paint, smooth surfaces) and list and describe the different geometries analyzed in the study. The software tools used (e.g., MATLAB, commercial RCS simulation software). Use MATLAB’s plotting functions to visualize the results and analyze the variation of RCS and visual aids to demonstrate the variation of RCS with different parameters.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Radar Cross Section, Statistical properties, Target aspect range, RCS signature.

  References
  [1] Skolnik, M. L. “Introduction to Radar Systems,”. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1980.
  [2] Cheney, Margaret and Borden, Brett. “Fundamentals of Radar Imaging,” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data; 2009: United States of America; 2009.
  [3] N.I. Landy, S. Sajuigbe, J.J. Mock, D.R. Smith and W.J. Padilla, "Perfect metamaterial absorber", Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, pp. 2007402, 2008.
  [4] Sharma, K.K. “Fundamentals of Radar, Sonar and Navigation Engineering,” S. K. Kataria & Sons; 2009.
  [5] Vladimir Díaz Charris, “Analysis of radar cross section assessment methods and parameters affecting it for surface ships,” Ship Science & Technology, Vol. 6, Issue.11, pp.91-106, 2012.
  [6] Ingo Harre. “RCS in Radar Range Calculations for Maritime Targets,”; V2.0-20040206, Corpus ID: 7112912, 2014
  [7] Williams, Cramp, Curtis “Experimental study of the radar cross section of maritime targets,” Electronic Circuits and Systems, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1978.
  [8] Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, “Manual of Air Traffic Services,” CAAN Publication, pp. 5-1-5-39, 2014.
  [9] S. Gu, J.P. Barrett, T.H. band, B.I. Popa and S.A. cummer, "Broad band low-reflection metamaterial absorber,", J. Appl. Phys., vol. 108064913, 2010.
  [10] Alves, M. A. and M. C. Rezende, “Teaching radar cross section concepts to undergraduate students with a simulation software,” Proceedings of the X International Conference on Engineering and Technology Education, 108–113, Santos, Brazil, 2008.
  [11] Knott, E. F., J. F. Schaeffer, and M. T. Tuley, “Radar Cross Section,” Artech House Inc., Norwood, 1993.
  [12] Essen, H., S. Boehmsdorff, G. Briegel, and A. Wahlen, “On the scattering mechanism of power lines at millimeter-waves,” IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 40, No. 9, 1895–1903, 2002.
  [13] Stephen John Beaumont, “Information and Communication Technologies in State affairs: Challenges of E-Governance,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.24-26, 2017.
  [14] Nishan Khadka, Sulav Parajuli, Aayush Bhattarai, Sanjaya Neupane, "A Study of Optimization of Aircraft Separation using the Time Based Separation at Tribhuvan International Airport," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.1-7, 2020

  Citation
  Raja Muusamy, Kokila Vasudevan, Sudhir Kumar Chaturvedi, "Design and Analysis the Radar Cross Section of Complex Targets for Military and Civilian Applications," International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.12, Issue.4, pp.8-12, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  A Deep Learning Based Deepfake AI (Images & Videos) Detection Tool

  Mani Chourasiya, Chetan Khapedia, Diksha Bharawa

  Research Paper | Journal (IJSRNSC)

  Vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp.13-20, Aug-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Lenscan.ai represents a pivotal advancement in countering the rising threat posed by deepfake technology. This state-of-the-art AI tool integrates sophisticated computer vision and audio analysis algorithms to detect anomalies that signal deepfake manipulation in digital media. By scrutinizing visual indicators such as facial expressions and lip movements, coupled with auditory features like voice characteristics, Lenscan.ai employs a comprehensive, multi-modal approach to accurately identify falsified content. Its versatility extends across diverse media formats and platforms, playing a crucial role in mitigating risks across journalism, entertainment, and national security sectors. As deepfake methods become increasingly sophisticated, Lenscan.ai continues to evolve, ensuring it remains at the forefront of safeguarding the integrity and reliability of digital content. By doing so, it addresses the urgent need to combat misinformation, thereby preserving trust in the digital landscape and upholding the authenticity of information shared globally.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Deep Neural Networks, ,Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Autoencoders

  References
  [1] Rana, M. S., Nobi, M. N., Murali, B., & Sung, A. H. Deepfake detection: A systematic literature review. IEEE Access, 10, 2002.
  [2] Chadha, A., Kumar, V., Kashyap, S., & Gupta, M. Deepfake: An overview. In Proceedings of Second International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security: IC4S Springer Singapore. 2021.
  [3] Dolhansky, B., Bitton, J., Pflaum, B., Lu, J., Howes, R., Wang, M., & Ferrer, C. C. The deepfake detection challenge (dfdc) dataset. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.07397, 2020.
  [4] Zhao, H., Zhou, W., Chen, D., Wei, T., Zhang, W., & Yu, N. Multi-attentional deepfake detection. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp.2185-2194, 2021.
  [5] Zhang, T. Deepfake generation and detection, a survey. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 81(5), pp.6259-6276, 2022.
  [6] Kwok, A. O., & Koh, S. G. Deepfake: A social construction of technology perspective. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(13), 1798-1802. 2021
  [7] Yu, P., Xia, Z., Fei, J., & Lu, Y. A survey on deepfake video detection. IET Biometrics, 10(6), 607-624. 2021.
  [8] Güera, D., & Delp, E. J. Deepfake video detection using recurrent neural networks. In 2018 15th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, pp.1-6. 2018.
  [9] Zi, B., Chang, M., Chen, J., Ma, X., & Jiang, Y. G. Wilddeepfake: A challenging real-world dataset for deepfake detection. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (pp. 2382-2390, 2020.
  [10] Li, Y., Yang, X., Sun, P., Qi, H., & Lyu, S. Celeb-df: A large-scale challenging dataset for deepfake forensics. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 3207-3216, 2020.
  [11] S. Tariq, "Deepfake Detection and Prevention for Multimedia," Wiley-IEEE Press, pp.1-250, 2022.
  [12] A. K. Singh, "Deep Learning for Deepfake Detection," Springer, pp.1-300, 2022.
  [13] R. Kumar, "Deepfake Detection using Machine Learning," McGraw-Hill Publication, pp.1-200, 2022.
  [14] Y. Shin, "Deep Learning for Deepfake Analysis," CRC Press, pp.1-350, 2022.
  [15] S. K. Singh, "Deepfakes: A Ground Truth Perspective," Elsevier, pp.1-400, 2022.
  [16] A. K. Jain, "Deepfake Detection and Mitigation," Springer, pp.1-250, 2022.
  [17] H. Kim, "Deepfake Detection using Deep Learning," Wiley-IEEE Press, pp.1-300, 2022.
  [18] S. Lee, "Deepfake Detection and Prevention," CRC Press, pp.1-200, 2022.
  [19] S. K. Singh, S. Tariq, and R. Kumar, "DeepfakeDetection in Audio using Deep Learning," In the Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Audio, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 1-5, 2022.
  [20] A. K. Jain, S. Lee, and Y. Shin, "Deepfake Detection using Transfer Learning," In the Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), pp.1-6, 2022.
  [21] H. Kim, S. Tariq, and R. Kumar, "Deepfake Detection in Images using Deep Learning," In the Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp.1-4, 2022.
  [22] S. Lee, Y. Shin, and A. K. Jain, "Deepfake Detection and Mitigation using Deep Learning," In the Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp.1-6, 2022.
  [23] R. Kumar, S. Tariq, and H. Kim, "Deepfake Detection using Generative Adversarial Networks," In the Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN), pp.1-5, 2022.
  [24] A. K. Singh, A. K. Singh, and R. Kumar, "Deepfake Detection in Videos using Deep Learning," In the Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), pp.1-6, 2022.
  [25] S. Tariq, S. Lee, H. Kim, and Y. Shin, "Deepfake Detection using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks," In the Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp.1-5, 2022.

  Citation
  Mani Chourasiya, Chetan Khapedia, Diksha Bharawa, "A Deep Learning Based Deepfake AI (Images & Videos) Detection Tool," International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.12, Issue.4, pp.13-20, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Interactive Learning with a Digital Library Education in Science, Technology, and Engineering

  Rajeev Tripathi

  Research Paper | Journal (IJSRNSC)

  Vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp.21-25, Aug-2024

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Numerous extensive initiatives to create digital libraries have been spurred by the requirement for information systems to facilitate the distribution and reprocess of educational materials. Ideas like online learning are currently being applied to teaching and learning in education more often. But when it comes to adopting new technology techniques, STEM education is still lagging behind because of the nature of the subject matter. This discrepancy can be attributed to the fact that these areas frequently need laboratory exercises in order to effectively teach skills and offer practical experience. Making these laboratories available online is sometimes challenging. It is necessary to either reproduce the real lab as a totally software-based virtual lab or permit remote access to the real lab. New and developing technologies are presently being developed that can get around some of the possible challenges in this field. These comprise virtual worlds, computational dynamics, augmented reality, and computer graphics. The state of the art in virtual labs and virtual environments for science, technology, and engineering is compiled in this article. Therefore, many of the same learning processes may be observed in the usage of virtual labs for other scientific and non-robotic engineering purposes. This can involve encouraging the introduction of new ideas as part of studying science and technology, as well as the introduction of more general engineering knowledge. It can also involve encouraging more positive and cooperative training and education activities in the context of a more complex engineering subject, like robotics.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Engineering Education Technology-Enhanced Teaching and Learning, Digital Library, Science Education, Technology Education

  References
  [1] Z. al. Pan et, “Virtual reality and mixed reality for virtual learning environments, Computers & Graphics”, Elsevier, 2006.
  [2] R Tripathi, “Inventiveness of Text Extraction with Inspiration of Cloud Computing and ML using Python Logic”,Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, pp. 295, 2022
  [3] Huang H.-M, “Investigating learner`s attitudes toward virtual reality environments: based on a constructivist approach”, Computers & Education, Elsevier, 2010.
  [4] Potkonjak V, “Virtual mechatronic/robotic laboratory – a step further in distance learning”, Computers & Education, Elsevier, 2010.
  [5] Aziz E.-S.S., “A multi-user virtual laboratory environment for gear train design”, Computers Applications in Engineering Education (John Wiley & Sons), 2014.
  [6] Bondaryk, L. “Publishing New Media in Higher Education: Overcoming the Adoption Hurdle”, Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1998.
  [7] Jacobson, Frances F., and Emily N. Ignacio. "Teaching reflection: Information seeking and evaluation in a digital library environment.", Library Trends, pp.771-802, 1997.
  [8] Manduca, C. and Mogk, D. “Digital Library for Earth System Education: A Community Plan”, University of Oklahoma, pp.44, 2000.
  [9] Marshall A.D. and Hurley S. “The Design, Development and Evaluation of Hypermedia Courseware for the World Wide Web”. Multimedia Tools and Applications, Issue.3, pp.5-31, 1996.
  [10] Muniram Budhu and Anita Coleman. "The Design and Evaluation of Interactivities in a Digital Library" D-Lib Magazine, 2002
  [11] Marchionini G. and Maurer H.. “The Roles of Digital Libraries in Teaching and Learning”, Communication of the ACM, Vol.38, Issue. 1, pp. 67-75, 1995.
  [12] Merdich E. A., Roizen J., Rubin V. and Buckley S., “The Serious Business of Growing Up”, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1997.
  [13] Paepcke, A., C. K. Chang, H. Garcia–Molina and T. Winograd, “Interoperability for Digital Libraries Worldwide,” Communications of the ACM, pp. 33–42, 1998.
  [14] Tripathi, R., Mishra, V. K., Kumar, “Influence of Deepfake Terminology on Content-Emerging Threat Reduction”, 3rd International Conference on Innovative Sustainable Computational Technologies (CISCT) ,IEEE, pp. 1-5, 2023.
  [15] Ciampa K., “Learning in a mobile age: An investigation of student motivation”, J. Comput. Assist. Learn, pp. 82–96, 2014.
  [16] S. Freeman, S. L. Eddy, M. McDonough, M. K. Smith, N. Okoroafor, H. Jordt, and M. P. Wenderoth, Active Learning Increases Student Performance in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pp.8410–8415, 2014.

  Citation
  Rajeev Tripathi, "Interactive Learning with a Digital Library Education in Science, Technology, and Engineering," International Journal of Scientific Research in Network Security and Communication, Vol.12, Issue.4, pp.21-25, 2024